Date of Award

Spring 2026

Document Type

Dissertation

Degree Name

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Department

Organizational Leadership

First Advisor

Dr. Joshua D. Henson

Second Advisor

Dr. Debra J. Dean

Abstract

This qualitative study investigates the declining motivation of Generation Z to join the U.S. military, using Self-Determination Theory (SDT) as a framework. Despite significant investments in recruitment, enlistment rates continue to decline, revealing a gap between military structures and the psychological needs of potential recruits. SDT provides a useful perspective by emphasizing the importance of autonomy, competence, and relatedness in motivating and promoting well-being. Through in-depth interviews with eight Gen Z individuals eligible for service, this study explores how social, cultural, and institutional factors influence perceptions of military service and career decisions. Results indicate that motivation to enlist increases when military roles align with personal goals, transferable skills, and a sense of purpose, while perceptions of strict control, lack of autonomy, and weak social bonds act as deterrents. Additionally, broader influences such as family, peers, and social media shape attitudes toward service and contribute to a growing civil-military divide. The study highlights the importance of autonomy-supportive recruitment strategies and career paths that align with building long-term competency, and intentional relational engagement with Gen Z. By employing SDT as both a practical and evaluative framework, this research enhances understanding of motivational factors in military recruitment and offers practical recommendations for policymakers and military leaders to increase recruitment and retention.

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