Date of Award

Spring 2025

Document Type

Thesis

College

College of Behavioral and Social Sciences

Primary Advisor

Professor Michelle Gilmore

Abstract

This study examines the intersection of aphantasia – the inability to consciously visualize mental images – and religious experience, here Christianity. Taking a phenomenological approach, qualitative interviews were conducted with three self-described aphantasic Christians to examine how they conceptualize, practice, and experience their faith. Thematic analysis revealed that participants employ abstract thinking, propositional thinking, and moral reasoning rather than visual imagery when engaging with religious texts, prayer, and worship. They valued intellectual and moral aspects of Christianity more than imaginative visualization, demonstrating that religion is not necessarily dependent on mental imagery to participate spiritually. While participants did refer to challenges in relating to visually based religious traditions, they also identified special strengths, such as enhanced analytical thinking and greater concentration on theological concepts. Data show that Christian belief is sensitive to a range of cognitive styles, contrary to the expectation that visual imagery is at the core of religious experience and belief. This study adds to the advancement of knowledge of cognitive diversity of religious practice and stresses the sensitivity of spiritual practice to involvement over sensory experience.

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